10 Steps to Start an Organic Garden

Consider these 10 Steps to Start an Organic Garden, from planning to soil selection, weed prevention, watering, natural pest control and more.

Urban vegetable garden -- 10 Steps to Start an Organic Garden | JenniferCooks.com

If you think your yard is too small, you’d be surprised how much you can get into a small space! When we lived in Houston between 2011-2014, we had a tiny backyard, but Quinton put together a beautiful urban raised garden and we ended up having enough fresh vegetables and fruits for our family and plenty to share!

Here are 10 Steps to Start an Organic Garden

1. Start Small. You can always expand in seasons to come. If you start off too big, it may seem overwhelming and you might end up frustrated and want to give up. And hey, gardens are a lot of work, but very rewarding when it comes time to harvest. A good rule of thumb is to start off with an area of about 8’ X 8’ or 8′ X 10′ or try the 2′ X 8′ Raised Garden Bed Kit. After growing in-ground gardens and raised-bed gardens, we prefer raised beds because they are easier for us to manage. Weed control is much easier for sure.

2. Location, Location, Location. Choosing the right location is very important. You want to pick a spot that gets full sun throughout the day or at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight.

3. Kill off grass and weeds. Once you’ve chosen your location, one of the best ways to kill grass and weeds is to wet the area and lay a plastic tarp or black plastic sheeting over the area and anchor it down with large rocks or stakes. Allow the area to bake in the sun for a few days before you remove the plastic.

Once everything is yellowed completely, remove plastic and begin clearing the area by removing large clumps of grass roots and dead weeds by hoeing and raking. One of my favorite tools is a Hula-Ho , it’s perfect for this task as well as quick weeding.

4. Start working the soil and building your beds. To get a great start, use a rototiller to get deep into the soil to fluff up the good dirt until it’s loose and crumbly. Don’t till if the soil is wet (I made this mistake once and it left me with major clumps of rock-like dirt that were next to impossible to break up.) A great tiller for the small home garden is the Earthquake MC43 Mini Cultivator, it’s lightweight, easy to maneuver and stores easily.

Here’s how we did our beds in the burbs! Remember we had a tiny backyard.

We laid black plastic down, placed the raised beds on top, and poked holes in the plastic with a pitchfork – inside the beds – for good drainage.

Once the beds were filled with good garden soil, we amended the top 6 inches with rabbit manure for organic fertilizing. The good thing about rabbit manure is that is considered a “cold” manure, meaning it does not have to be composted for months before using. You can use it directly in the garden without harming your plants. “Hot” manures like chickens, sheep, horse, cows, and pigs must be broken down by composting for months before using, otherwise, the high nitrogen content of the “hot” manure will burn plants and roots and ultimately kill the plants.

5. Amend the soil by adding organic fertilizer, such as composted chicken or cow manure or use rabbit manure directly in the garden. Also, spread dry molasses, about 20 lbs. per 1000 square feet. You can buy dry molasses at your local feed store and it’s pretty inexpensive. Mine costs around $19 for a 50 lb bag.

We found a local rabbit breeder, called them and asked if they sell their manure. She said we could have it free and as much as we want if we came and shoveled it and loaded it ourselves. Score! So, Quinton went over and got a pickup truck full.

Since we garden organically, we don’t use any synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or other harmful chemicals. Although organic gardening my seem complicated, it really isn’t. Once you learn about good practices, it’ll be a breeze. We have found some great organic fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides that are certified organic and have worked for us in our gardening. Garrett Juice is a wonderful organic foliar fertilizer to give your plants a healthy boost of nutrients. Cold Pressed Orange Oil is a great pesticide for organic gardening. We’ve had great success using Serenade Disease Control to help control black spot, powdery mildew, rust, gray mold, late blight and scab. Diatomaceous Earth is a fantastic organic “catch all” for pest control, rodent repellent, mite treatment, feed additive and more – a must have for organic gardeners!

We live in Central Texas, and in our backyard we have dark black-clay soil. We have added organic materials such as compost, rabbit & chicken manure, hummus, crushed granite, and dry molasses to ammend our soil.

6. Plan out your garden design. Make sure to plant your tallest plants on the North side so they don’t shade other lower growing vegetables. That is, unless you are in the Southern hemisphere. So, if you’re reading this in Brazil, Australia or South Africa, you might want to do the opposite.

A great online tool that I found and have used is http://www.growveg.com/, they have a 30-day free trial. This garden planning tool helps you draw out your garden plan and shows how to space plants. It really simplifies things for you. Then you can print off your new design, purchase your plants and head outside to plant your garden! Annual subscriptions are just $25 if you choose to subscribe.

7. Plant. I suggest buying plants at your local garden center for your first garden, but now a days you can also buy them online, which I have done and have been happy with the products I’ve received. Planting seeds can be time-consuming, difficult and frustrating for the beginner. Some nurseries carry organically grown seedlings.

For a small garden, you may want to avoid large plant varieties like, pumpkin, corn, squash, watermelon and cantaloupe. You may be able to plant some small varieties of these on trellises for a vertical garden.

Small crops would include lettuce, radishes, tomatoes, beans, onions, peas, small zucchini and herbs.

Because we had limited space, we chose a simple grid garden with long rectangular raised beds.

We used 2 cattle panels, wired them together on top to make our “A-Frame” trellises. The great thing about using this type of trellis is that they are very sturdy, and you can plant underneath them. We chose to plant lettuces, spinach and swiss chard underneath them so that we could get a longer harvest out of these cooler weather plants. Once the beans, cucumbers, running squash and melons grew up the sides, they provided shade to the more tender plants underneath.

Make sure to plant your Spring/Summer garden after all danger of frost. I visit the Aggie Horticulture website to find out all sorts of growing information, including average frost dates, as well as the number of plants to plant for my needs and hardy crops for my location.

8. Fence. Consider adding a small fence around the garden area, especially if you have young children or pets.

9. Water.

As you care for your plants by weeding and watering, watch for insect and fungus problems. Because we stay away from harmful chemicals, we use the following products for these situations:

Organic Garden Pest Control

a. Snails & Slugs: Sluggo ~ Kills snails & slugs yet safe for pets & wildlife!

b. Insects & Pests: Orange Oil ~ Contains the raw oil collected from the citrus peel during the juicing extraction. No heat is applied during this “cold pressed” process thereby preserving the integrity of the oil.

c. Animal Repellent: Deer Scram ~ Guard your valuable gardens, trees & shrubs from pesky browsing deer & foraging rabbits! Deer Scram is an organic, granular repellent that is best applied as a protective perimeter strip around flowers, plants and shrubs. This stuff really works!

d. Worms & Caterpillars: Safer Brand with BT (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) ~ Beneficial bacteria applied as a spray to kill worms & caterpillars.

e. Fungus: Serenade Disease Control ~ Provides protection against a broad spectrum of the most common fungal and bacterial garden diseases, yet is completely non-toxic to bees and beneficial insects. It is so safe you can confidently harvest and eat fruits and vegetables the very same day they are treated.

10. Fertilize and weed your garden regularly. Garden vegetables are heavy feeders during the growing season, so fertilize every two weeks or at least monthly with dry molasses or a foliar fertilizer like Garrett Juice Here are some products we use regularly:

Organic Fertilizer & Ammendments

a. Garrett Juice ~ Great foliar feed for plants and veggies!

b. Dry Molasses ~ Enhances growth and productivity.

c. THRIVE An Earth-friendly living microbial treatment with Mycorrhizal fungi for the health of your soil. Safe for use around pets. Available for flowers, vegetables, tomatoes, tree & shrub, and new plants.

Weed Control

Hand-pull and hoe weeds daily to prevent frustration and being overwhelmed. “Use Vinegar – The Organic Herbicide: The best choice for herbicide use is 10% white vinegar made from grain alcohol. It should be used full strength. I’ve mentioned 20% in the past but it is stronger than needed and too expensive. Avoid products that are made from 99% glacial acetic acid. This material is a petroleum derivative. Natural vinegars such those made from fermenting apples have little herbicidal value.” – www.dirtdoctor.com

Before you know it you’ll be reaping what you sow! You and your family will enjoy the reward of having fresh vegetables at your fingertips for use in great recipes or just enjoying fresh from the garden! Happy harvesting!

Tomatoes: Cherokee Purple, Black Krim, San Marzano, Green Zebra, Yellow Pear, White Tomesol

I love the beautiful colors of these heirloom tomatoes. And you wouldn’t believe the taste – there’s nothing like a homegrown tomato! Yes, even the green variety and white variety taste like a ripe tomato!

Ruby Red Swiss Chard

Patty Pan Squash and Straight Neck Yellow Squash

Butternut Squash

Sugar Baby Watermelon

Cucumbers, Lettuce, Green Beans

Israel Melons. Our favorite! So sweet, similar to cantaloupe crossed with honeydew with a tropical taste. They are wonderful!

The carrots grew beautifully in the fluffy well-amended soil of the raised beds. Our favorites were Heirloom Paris Market and Heirloom Danvers Half Long.